Python Modules

Python Modules Tutorial

A module in Python is a file containing Python code (functions, classes, or variables) that can be imported and reused in different programs. Modules help organize code and improve reusability.

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1. Importing Modules in Python

Python provides three ways to import a module:

1.1 Import the Entire Module

import math
print(math.sqrt(25))  # Output: 5.0

✅ Access module functions using module_name.function_name().

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1.2 Import a Specific Function from a Module

from math import sqrt
print(sqrt(36))  # Output: 6.0

✅ No need to use math. prefix after importing a specific function.

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1.3 Import a Module with an Alias (Short Name)

import math as m
print(m.pi)  # Output: 3.141592653589793

✅ Using aliases makes code shorter and more readable.

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2. Built-in Python Modules

Python includes many pre-installed modules, such as:

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3. Using Built-in Python Modules

3.1 Math Module Example

import math
print(math.factorial(5))  # Output: 120
print(math.pow(2, 3))  # Output: 8.0

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3.2 Random Module Example

import random
print(random.randint(1, 10))  # Output: Random number between 1 and 10
print(random.choice(["Apple", "Banana", "Cherry"]))  # Output: Random choice

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3.3 Datetime Module Example

import datetime
current_time = datetime.datetime.now()
print(current_time)  # Output: Current date and time

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4. Creating a Custom Python Module

You can create your own module by saving Python functions in a .py file.

4.1 Create a File Named mymodule.py

def greet(name):
    return f"Hello, {name}!"

4.2 Import and Use the Custom Module

import mymodule
print(mymodule.greet("Alice"))  # Output: Hello, Alice!

✅ Ensure the module file (mymodule.py) is in the same directory as your script.

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5. Finding Installed Modules

To see all available modules, run:

help("modules")

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Conclusion

Python modules help organize code, improve reusability, and simplify complex programs. Using built-in and custom modules effectively can save time and reduce errors.

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