Python Math

Python Math Module Tutorial

Python provides a built-in math module for performing mathematical operations like trigonometry, logarithms, factorials, and more.

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1. Importing the Math Module

To use the math module, you must import it first:

import math

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2. Basic Math Functions

2.1 Rounding Numbers

print(math.ceil(4.3))   # Output: 5 (Round up)
print(math.floor(4.9))  # Output: 4 (Round down)

✅ ceil() rounds up, floor() rounds down.

2.2 Factorial and Power

print(math.factorial(5))  # Output: 120 (5! = 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1)
print(math.pow(2, 3))     # Output: 8.0 (2³)
print(math.sqrt(25))      # Output: 5.0 (Square root)

✅ Use factorial(), pow(), and sqrt() for calculations.

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3. Logarithmic Functions

3.1 Natural Logarithm (Base e)

print(math.log(10))  # Output: 2.302 (ln(10))

3.2 Logarithm with Base 10

print(math.log10(100))  # Output: 2.0 (log₁₀(100))

✅ Use log() for natural log and log10() for base 10.

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4. Trigonometric Functions

4.1 Converting Degrees to Radians

print(math.radians(180))  # Output: 3.14159 (π radians)

4.2 Sin, Cos, and Tan

print(math.sin(math.radians(30)))  # Output: 0.5
print(math.cos(math.radians(60)))  # Output: 0.5
print(math.tan(math.radians(45)))  # Output: 1.0

✅ **sin(), cos(), and tan() require angles in radians.

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5. Constants in Math Module

print(math.pi)   # Output: 3.141592653589793
print(math.e)    # Output: 2.718281828459045

✅ Use math.pi for π and math.e for Euler’s number.

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6. Greatest Common Divisor (GCD) & Least Common Multiple (LCM)

print(math.gcd(24, 36))  # Output: 12 (Greatest Common Divisor)
print(math.lcm(4, 6))    # Output: 12 (Least Common Multiple)

✅ Use gcd() for Greatest Common Divisor and lcm() for Least Common Multiple.

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Conclusion

The math module is powerful for performing advanced calculations and is widely used in scientific computing, engineering, and data analysis.

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